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Chapter II: Renewable Power--Geothermal Power

CROSSING THE DIVIDE STUDY: GEOTHERMAL ANALYSIS NOW AVAILABLE

Geothermal energy draws on the heat beneath the earth’s surface to produce electricity. Current geothermal energy projects rely on either steam or hot water drawn from natural geothermal reservoirs usually associated with active volcanic areas. Approximately 10 gigawatts of geothermal capacity are currently operating around the globe. An emerging technology that is receiving a great deal of interest is the enhanced geothermal power, the so-called hot rocks technology. This low-temperature geothermal heat source would vastly expand the geographic availability of geothermal power. Although geothermal energy provides base-load power and has relatively few environmental issues associated with it, it still faces constraints on its widespread use; geography, or proximity to demand centers, and costs are the two primary impediments.

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Full Report (15 pages) Full Report (15 pages) (Client Only)
Table II-8: Geothermal Cost and Performance Characteristics by Region, 2007 Table II-8: Geothermal Cost and Performance Characteristics by Region, 2007 (Client Only)
Figure II-11: Dry Steam Figure II-11: Dry Steam (Client Only)
Figure II-12: Flashed Steam Figure II-12: Flashed Steam (Client Only)
Figure II-13: Binary Cycle Figure II-13: Binary Cycle (Client Only)
Figure II-14: Geothermal Resource Potential Figure II-14: Geothermal Resource Potential (Client Only)
Table of Contents

Crossing the Divide: Executive Summary

Full Chapter (28 pages) Full Chapter (28 pages) (Client Only)
Tables (3) Tables (3) (Client Only)
Figure ES-1: The Clean Energy Tree Figure ES-1: The Clean Energy Tree (Client Only)
Figure ES-2: Crossing the Divide: Installed Capacity of Clean Power Generation Technologies Figure ES-2: Crossing the Divide: Installed Capacity of Clean Power Generation Technologies (Client Only)
Figure ES-3: Crossing the Divide: Global Biofuels Production Figure ES-3: Crossing the Divide: Global Biofuels Production (Client Only)
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Chapter I: Biofuels

Full Chapter (46 pages) Full Chapter (46 pages) (Client Only)
Tables (2) Tables (2) (Client Only)
Figure I-1: Global Biofuels Production, 1996–2006 Figure I-1: Global Biofuels Production, 1996–2006 (Client Only)
Figure I-2: Biofuels Production by Region, 2006 Figure I-2: Biofuels Production by Region, 2006 (Client Only)
Figure I-3: Fuel Ethanol Production in the United States and Brazil, 1990–2007 Figure I-3: Fuel Ethanol Production in the United States and Brazil, 1990–2007 (Client Only)
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Chapter II: Renewable Power--Introduction and Wind Energy

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Tables (6) Tables (6) (Client Only)
Figure II-1: Global Wind Capacity, 1996–2006 Figure II-1: Global Wind Capacity, 1996–2006 (Client Only)
Figure II-2: Horizontal Axis Wind Turbine Components Figure II-2: Horizontal Axis Wind Turbine Components (Client Only)
Figure II-3: Cost of Wind Energy Varies with Capacity Factor Figure II-3: Cost of Wind Energy Varies with Capacity Factor (Client Only)
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Chapter II: Renewable Energy--Biomass Power

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Table II-7: Biomass Cost and Performance Characteristics by Region, 2007 Table II-7: Biomass Cost and Performance Characteristics by Region, 2007 (Client Only)
Figure II-9: Stoker Furnace Figure II-9: Stoker Furnace (Client Only)
Figure II-10: Fluidized-bed Furnace Figure II-10: Fluidized-bed Furnace (Client Only)

Chapter II: Renewable Power--Geothermal Power

Full Report (15 pages) Full Report (15 pages) (Client Only)
Table II-8: Geothermal Cost and Performance Characteristics by Region, 2007 Table II-8: Geothermal Cost and Performance Characteristics by Region, 2007 (Client Only)
Figure II-11: Dry Steam Figure II-11: Dry Steam (Client Only)
Figure II-12: Flashed Steam Figure II-12: Flashed Steam (Client Only)
Figure II-13: Binary Cycle Figure II-13: Binary Cycle (Client Only)
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Chapter II: Renewable Power--Solar Photovoltaic

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Tables (4) Tables (4) (Client Only)
Figure II-15: Global PV Installed Capacity, 1996–2006 Figure II-15: Global PV Installed Capacity, 1996–2006 (Client Only)
Figure II-16: Representative Global Solar PV Value Chain and Selected Companies Figure II-16: Representative Global Solar PV Value Chain and Selected Companies (Client Only)
Figure II-17: Top 15 Solar PV Producers, 2006 Figure II-17: Top 15 Solar PV Producers, 2006 (Client Only)
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Chapter II: Renewable Energy--Concentrating Solar Power

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Tables (3) Tables (3) (Client Only)
Figure II-19: CSP Technologies Are in Various Stages of Technical Development Figure II-19: CSP Technologies Are in Various Stages of Technical Development (Client Only)
Figure II-20: Parabolic Trough Figure II-20: Parabolic Trough (Client Only)
Figure II-21: Power Tower Figure II-21: Power Tower (Client Only)
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Chapter II: Renewable Power--Ocean Power

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Tables (2) Tables (2) (Client Only)
Figure II-24: Barrage Figure II-24: Barrage (Client Only)
Figure II-25: Horizontal Axis Design Figure II-25: Horizontal Axis Design (Client Only)
Figure II-26: Vertical Axis Design Figure II-26: Vertical Axis Design (Client Only)
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Chapter III: Carbon Capture and Storage

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Tables (7) Tables (7) (Client Only)
Figure III-1: Oxyfuel with CO2 Capture Figure III-1: Oxyfuel with CO2 Capture (Client Only)
Figure III-2: IGCC with CO2 Capture Figure III-2: IGCC with CO2 Capture (Client Only)
Figure III-3: SCPC with CO2 Capture Figure III-3: SCPC with CO2 Capture (Client Only)

Chapter IV: Conventional Clean Energy--Nuclear Power

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Tables (9) Tables (9) (Client Only)
Figure IV-1: Global Nuclear Capacity Additions, 1955–2006 Figure IV-1: Global Nuclear Capacity Additions, 1955–2006 (Client Only)
Figure IV-2: Nuclear Capacity Completed or under Construction since 2000 Figure IV-2: Nuclear Capacity Completed or under Construction since 2000 (Client Only)
Figure IV-3: Pressurized Water Reactor Figure IV-3: Pressurized Water Reactor (Client Only)
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Chapter IV: Conventional Clean Energy--Hydropower

Full Chapter (16 pages) Full Chapter (16 pages) (Client Only)
Table IV-10: Hydro Cost and Performance Characteristics by Region, 2007 Table IV-10: Hydro Cost and Performance Characteristics by Region, 2007 (Client Only)
Figure IV-7: Reservoir Figure IV-7: Reservoir (Client Only)
Figure IV-8: Pumped Storage Figure IV-8: Pumped Storage (Client Only)
Figure IV-9: Run-of-river Figure IV-9: Run-of-river (Client Only)
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Chapter V: Clean Energy Scenarios--Launch Pad

Full Chapter (48 pages) Full Chapter (48 pages) (Client Only)
Tables (8) Tables (8) (Client Only)
Figure V-1: Launch Pad: Light, Sweet Crude Oil Price Outlook Figure V-1: Launch Pad: Light, Sweet Crude Oil Price Outlook (Client Only)
Figure V-2: Launch Pad: Natural Gas Price Outlook Figure V-2: Launch Pad: Natural Gas Price Outlook (Client Only)
Figure V-3: Launch Pad: Global Real Economic Growth Figure V-3: Launch Pad: Global Real Economic Growth (Client Only)
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Chapter V: Clean Energy Scenarios--Asian Phoenix

Full Report (47 pages) Full Report (47 pages) (Client Only)
Tables (6) Tables (6) (Client Only)
Figure V-16: Asian Phoenix: Global Real Economic Growth Figure V-16: Asian Phoenix: Global Real Economic Growth (Client Only)
Figure V-17: Asian Phoenix: Change in Primary Energy Demand, 2006 versus 2030 Figure V-17: Asian Phoenix: Change in Primary Energy Demand, 2006 versus 2030 (Client Only)
Figure V-18: Asian Phoenix: Light, Sweet Crude Oil Price Outlook Figure V-18: Asian Phoenix: Light, Sweet Crude Oil Price Outlook (Client Only)
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Chapter V: Clean Energy Scenarios--Global Fissures

Full Report (30 pages) Full Report (30 pages) (Client Only)
Tables (3) Tables (3) (Client Only)
Figure V-29: Global Fissures: Global Real Economic Growth Figure V-29: Global Fissures: Global Real Economic Growth (Client Only)
Figure V-30: Global Fissures: Light, Sweet Crude Oil Price Outlook Figure V-30: Global Fissures: Light, Sweet Crude Oil Price Outlook (Client Only)
Figure V-31: Global Fissures: Natural Gas Price Outlook Figure V-31: Global Fissures: Natural Gas Price Outlook (Client Only)
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Appendix: Quantitative Results

Tables: Launch Pad (14) Tables: Launch Pad (14) (Client Only)
Tables: Asian Phoenix (14) Tables: Asian Phoenix (14) (Client Only)
Tables: Global Fissures (14) Tables: Global Fissures (14) (Client Only)
Tables: Biofuels (19) Tables: Biofuels (19) (Client Only)
Tables: Biomass (6) Tables: Biomass (6) (Client Only)
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